Photonics
- optical materials and communication systems
Holographic Video
-- a.k.a. holovideo or electro-holography
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The First 20 Years of Holographic Video -- and the Next 20.
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SMPTE
2nd Annual International Conference on Stereoscopic 3D for Media and Entertainment
- Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE), 2011 June.
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Electronic Holography -- 20 Years of Interactive Spatial Imaging,
book chapter in
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Handbook of Visual Display Technology,
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg,
Janglin (John) Chen, Wayne Cranton, Mark Fihn (eds.),
ISBN 978-3-540-79566-7, 2011.
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Computational Display Holography,
book chapter in
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Holographic Imaging,
Stephen A. Benton, V. M. Bove Jr.,
Wiley-Interscience (April 14, 2008), ISBN-13: 978-0470068069.
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Steve Benton Taught Me.
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Holography - SPIE Newsletter, 2004 June.
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This invited article contains some brief thoughts on my experiences with the late Professor Stephen A. Benton.
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Interactive holographic displays: the first 10 years,
book chapter in
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Holography. The first 50 years, (Springer Series in Optical Sciences Vol. 78),
Springer-Verlag (Berlin), editor J.-M. Fournier,
ISBN #3540670750, 2004 February.
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First book chapter to cover electronic holography.
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A Taxonomy of Load Signatures for Single-Phase Electric Appliances
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IEEE PESC 2005 (Power Electronics Specialist Conference)
June 2005, Brazil.
(with K.H. Ting, G.S.K. Fung., W.K. Lee and S.Y. Ron Hui).
[submitted]
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Interactive three-dimensional holographic displays:
seeing the future in depth
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Computer Graphics (A publication of ACM SIGGRAPH) Volume 31, Number 2, May 1997.
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| Overview of electro-holography.
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Computational holographic bandwidth compression
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IBM Systems Journal, 1996 Oct.
Also in
[PDF format]
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Hogel-vector holographic bandwidth compression is a novel technique
to compute holographic fringe patterns for real-time
display. This
diffraction-specific approach,
treats a fringe as discretized in space and spatial frequency.
By undersampling fringe spectra, hogel-vector encoding achieves a compression ratio of 16:1 with an
acceptably small loss in image resolution. Hogel-vector bandwidth compression attains interactive rates of holographic computation for
real-time three-dimensional electro-holographic (holovideo) displays. Total computation time for typical 3D images is reduced by a
factor of over 70 to 4.0 s per 36-MB holographic fringe and under 1.0
s for a 6-MB full-color image. Analysis focuses on the trade-offs
among compression ratio, image fidelity, and image depth. Hogel-vector
bandwidth compression matches information content to the human visual
system, achieving "visual-bandwidth holography."
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Holographic bandwidth compression using spatial subsampling
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| Optical Engineering, 1996 June.
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[PDF format] or
[PostScript] or
[compressed PostScript]
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A novel electro-holographic bandwidth compression technique, fringelet bandwidth compression, is described and implemented.
This technique uses spatial subsampling to reduce the bandwidth and complexity of
holographic fringe computation for real-time 3-D holographic
displays. As part of the
diffraction-specific fringe computation
approach, the fringe
pattern is treated as a spectrum that is sampled in space (as
"hogels") and in spatial frequency (as "hogel
vectors"). Fringelet bandwidth compression achieves a compression
ratio of 16:1 without conspicuously degrading image quality.
Fringelet decoding is extremely simple, enabling an
overall increase in fringe computation speed of over 3000 times
compared to conventional interference-based methods. This speed
has enabled the generation of images
at nearly interactive rates: under 4.0 s per hand-sized (one-liter)
3-D image generated from a 36-Mbyte fringe.
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Rendering Interactive Holographic Images
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| Proc. of SIGGRAPH 95 (LA, CA, Aug. 6-11, 1995). In Computer Graphics Proceedings, ACM SIGGRAPH, pp. 387-394. with Tinsley A. Galyean.
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| We present a method for computing
holographic fringe patterns for the generation of three-dimensional
(3-D) holographic images at interactive speeds. We used this method to
render holograms on a conventional computer graphics workstation. The
framebuffer system supplied signals directly to a real-time
holographic (holovideo) display.
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A hardware architecture for rapid generation of electro-holographic fringe patterns
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Proceedings of SPIE #2406 Practical Holography IX,
2406-23, (SPIE, Bellingham, WA, 1995). with J. A. Watlington, C. J. Sparrell, V. M. Bove, I. Tamitani.
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[ PDF format ]
[ Postscript ]
[ Postscript, compressed ]
Hogel-Vector decoding is performed on a stream-processor superposition
daughter card on the
Cheops
P2 processor module. Two of these "Splotch Engines" can decode a 1-MB hogel-vector array into 36-MB of fringes in 3 seconds.
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Diffraction-Specific Fringe Computation for Electro-Holography
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| Doctoral Thesis Dissertation, MIT Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Sept. 1994.
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[ PDF format ]
[ PostScript ]
[ PostScript, compressed ]
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A new, fast, versatile method of holographic fringe computation is
described, implemented, and analyzed. Two methods of holographic
encoding -
"Hogel-Vector Encoding" and
"Fringelet Encoding" - are
developed on top of diffraction-specific computation. Holographic
encoding provides bandwidth compression of 16 times, and increases
computation speed by a factor of over 100. See related publications:
IBM Systems Journal 1996 and
Opt. Eng. 1996.
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| Electronic Holography: The Newest
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| International Symposium on 3-D Imaging and Holography, Osaka, Japan, Nov. 1994.
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Interactive Computation of Holograms Using a Look-up Table
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Journal of Electronic Imaging,
vol. 2, #1, Jan 1993, pp. 28-34.
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[ HTML ]
[ PDF format ]
[ PostScript ]
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Several methods of increasing the speed and simplicity of the
computation of off-axis transmission holograms are presented,
with applications to the real-time display of holographic images.
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New Approaches To Holographic Video
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Proceedings of Holographics International '92, SPIE Proceedings #1732,
paper #1732-48, (SPIE, July 1992). [Incomplete figures.] |
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[ PDF format ]
[ Postscript ]
[ Postscript, compressed ]
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| (with St. Hilaire, Benton, et al.)
Progress in holographic video display research: increasing speed, interactivity, full color, larger size.
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Optimization of Hologram Computation for Real-Time Display
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| Proceedings of SPIE #1667 Practical Holography VI, 1667-04, (SPIE, Bellingham, WA, 1992), pp. 32-43.
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[ PDF format ]
[ Postscript ]
[ Postscript, compressed ]
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Earliest work on bipolar intensity, use of elemental fringes in a precomputed table.
First-ever interactive display of 3-D holographic images.
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| Color Images with the MIT Holographic Video Display
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| Proceedings of SPIE #1667 Practical Holography VI, 1667-73, (SPIE, Bellingham, WA, 1992), pp. 73-84. (St. Hilaire, Benton, et al.)
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[ PDF format ]
[ Postscript ]
[ Postscript, compressed ]
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First full-color display.
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| Electronic display system for computational holography
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| Proceedings of SPIE #1212 Practical Holography IV, 1212-20, (SPIE, Bellingham, WA, 1990), pp. 174-182. (St. Hilaire, Benton, et al.)
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[ PDF format ]
[ Postscript ]
[ Postscript, compressed ]
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Earliest successful AOM-based real-time holographic display.
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Cleantech and Alternative Energy
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Exploration on Load Signatures
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ICEE 2004 International Conference on Electrical Engineering
2004 July 4-8, Sapporo, Japan.
(with W.K. Lee, G.S.K. Fung, H.Y. Lam and F.H.Y. Chan).
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Electrical Engineering for 21st Century Power Systems
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| ICEE 2003 International Conference on Electrical Engineering
2003 at Hong Kong.(with CC Ngan and G. Kendall).
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Intelligent information interaction
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Conversational interfaces for e-commerce applications
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Communications of the ACM (CACM), 2000 September
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This invited paper describes the conversational natural language
software created by Soliloquy, Inc.
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A Response to "Some Thoughts on the State of the Technical Science in 2012"
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Proceedings of the IEEE, 1998 Oct.
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This is an invited predictive paper, written in part as a response to a predictive paper published in 1962 and in part as a prediction of
technology and life in 2048.
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Visualization Space: A Testbed for Deviceless Multimodal User Interface 
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Computer Graphics (A publication of ACM SIGGRAPH) Volume 31, Number 2, May 1997.
[PDF format], [PostScript]
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| The design and applications of the VisualizationSpace (also known as
"DreamSpace")
is described.
DreamSpace is a deviceless smart-room that combines speech
recognition, machine-vision tracking and other sensing to
allow natural multimodal interaction between humans and computing
systems, with applications to visualization, networked homes,
education and e-commerce.
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Interfaces for humans (panel)
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ACM SIGGRAPH 98,
International Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques
1998, Orlando, Florida, USA
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Photonics
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Coherent Optical Communication with Injection-Locked High-Power Semiconductor Laser Array |
Electronics Letters, vol. 25 (17), p. 1112, 17 Aug. 1989. with E.S. Kintzer, S.B. Alexander, J.G. Fujimoto, V.W.S. Chan.
[
Page 1 and
Page 2 as TIFF]
[reprints by request]
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Abstract: Heterodyne FSK communication at 110 Mbit/s is demonstrated with an injection-locked high-power 20-stripe semiconductor laser array.
We show that a high-power (>300 mW) coherent optical transmitter
can be constructed without
penalty in bit error rate performance.
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Spatial and Frequency Dependence of Four-Wave Mixing in a Broad-Area Diode Laser
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Applied Physics Letters, vol. 53 (20), p. 1897, 14 Nov. 1988. with J.G. Fujimoto, G.M. Carter.
[
Page 1,
Page 2 and
Page 3 as TIFF]
[reprints by request]
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Abstract: By injecting two external optical beams into a broad-area laser diode, four-wave mixing is generated via gain nonlinearities in the device.
The nonlinear signals are observed by spectrally analyzing the transverse far-
field profile of the emission from the device. By varying the injection
angle and oscillation wavelength of one of the injected beams, the spatial
and frequency dependence of this nonlinear process is measured. The results
support a spatially dependent dynamical carrier concentration model which
includes the effects of carrier diffusion. These measurements provide a
direct determination of the ambipolar diffusion constant in the device D = 9.5 cm2/s.
Four-wave mixing in the active region of a broad-area
GaAl diode laser was also used to determine
the third-order nonlinearity coefficient and the excited
carrier lifetime.
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Nonlinear Mixing and Phase conjugation in Broad-Area Diode Lasers
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Applied Physics Letters, vol. 53 (6), p. 467, 8 Aug. 1988. with G.M. Carter, J.G. Fujimoto.
[reprints by request]
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Abstract: Four-wave mixing is investigated in broad-area diode lasers. Two external fields are injected into the device using phase conjugate geometry and the
nonlinear four-wave mixing signal observed by performing spectrally resolved
measurement of the far field. By varying the injection geometry, the excited
mode of the broad-area diode can be controlled.
The gain nonlinearity
generates a conjugate wave within the device, thereby resulting in far-field
emission in the conjugate direction. Nonlinear conjugate signal efficiency
levels of ~ -21 dB have been observed.
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